Eco homes - Green homes - Sustainable homes are designed with the environment in mind. They aim to minimise their impact on the natural world while providing a healthy and comfortable living space for their occupants.
In New Zealand, the interest in eco homes has been growing steadily, driven by a desire to reduce energy costs, combat climate change, and live in harmony with nature. These homes are not just a trend but a crucial step towards a more sustainable future.
The benefits of eco homes extend beyond environmental conservation. For homeowners, they offer reduced energy and water bills, increased comfort, and improved indoor air quality. For builders and tradies, they represent a growing market and an opportunity to develop expertise in sustainable construction practices. And for the community at large, eco homes contribute to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, preservation of natural resources, and the creation of healthier living environments.
In this guide, we'll explore the essential elements that make a home eco-friendly. From the initial site selection to the incorporation of smart technologies, each component plays a vital role in creating a sustainable dwelling. Whether you're looking to build, buy, or renovate, understanding these principles will help you make informed decisions that benefit both you and the planet.
Site Selection and Orientation
In the pursuit of sustainable living, the significance of site selection and orientation in the construction of eco homes cannot be overstated. Choosing the right location for an eco home involves more than just finding a picturesque setting; it's about selecting a site that minimises environmental impact while maximizing energy efficiency.
Factors such as topography, solar exposure, wind patterns, and proximity to natural resources play a crucial role in determining the sustainability and comfort of the home. By carefully assessing these elements, homeowners and builders can ensure that the home harmonizes with its natural surroundings, reducing the need for artificial heating, cooling, and lighting.
Orientation is another critical aspect of eco-friendly design. A well-oriented home takes full advantage of the sun's natural warmth and light, significantly reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources.
In New Zealand, this typically means positioning living areas and large windows facing north to capture maximum sunlight, while minimising east and west-facing windows to reduce heat loss and gain. Proper orientation not only enhances the home's energy efficiency but also improves the well-being of its occupants by providing ample natural light and warmth.
By integrating thoughtful site selection and orientation strategies, eco homes can achieve a delicate balance between comfort, sustainability, and environmental stewardship.
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Energy efficiency is the cornerstone of eco home design, aiming to reduce the home's overall energy consumption while maintaining comfort and functionality. Achieving this involves a holistic approach that encompasses various aspects of construction and technology.
| Feature | Benefits | Estimated Savings* |
|---|---|---|
| Solar Panels | Reduces electricity bills, lowers carbon footprint | 30-50% |
| LED Lighting | Uses less energy, longer lifespan | 75-80% |
| Heat Pump Water Heater | More efficient than conventional electric water heaters | 60-70% |
| Double Glazed Windows | Improves insulation, reduces heat loss | 10-20% |
| Smart Thermostat | Optimizes heating and cooling, reduces energy waste | 10-15% |
*Estimated savings are approximate and can vary based on usage and local energy prices.
Key strategies include incorporating high-quality insulation in walls, roofs, and floors to minimise heat loss in winter and heat gain in summer. Additionally, using double or triple-glazed windows with low-emissivity coatings can further enhance the home's thermal performance. Proper sealing of doors and windows is also crucial to prevent drafts and air leaks, ensuring that the energy used for heating and cooling is utilized effectively.
The integration of renewable energy sources is another vital component of eco homes, allowing homeowners to generate their own clean energy and reduce their reliance on fossil fuels.
Solar panels are a popular choice in New Zealand, thanks to the country's abundant sunshine. They can be used to generate electricity for the home or to heat water, significantly reducing energy bills and carbon emissions.
Other renewable options include wind turbines, geothermal heating systems, and solar thermal collectors. By combining energy-efficient design with renewable energy technologies, eco homes can achieve a high level of self-sufficiency, contributing to a more sustainable and resilient energy future.
The top 10 facilitators of energy efficiency and/or renewable energy in an eco house build
- High-Quality Insulation: Proper insulation in walls, roofs, and floors is crucial for maintaining a consistent indoor temperature, reducing the need for heating and cooling.
- Double or Triple-Glazed Windows: These windows minimise heat transfer, keeping the home warmer in winter and cooler in summer, and reducing energy consumption.
- Solar Panels: Installing photovoltaic panels can generate electricity from sunlight, significantly reducing reliance on grid power and lowering energy bills.
- Air Sealing: Sealing gaps and cracks in the building envelope prevents drafts and air leaks, enhancing the overall energy efficiency of the home.
- Energy-Efficient Heating and Cooling Systems: High-efficiency heat pumps, geothermal systems, or solar thermal systems can provide heating and cooling with lower energy use.
- Energy-Efficient Appliances and Lighting: Choosing appliances and lighting fixtures with high energy efficiency ratings can reduce electricity consumption.
- Solar Water Heating: Using solar collectors to heat water can significantly reduce the energy needed for domestic hot water.
- Smart Home Technology: Automated systems for lighting, heating, and cooling can optimize energy use based on occupancy and preferences.
- Passive Solar Design: Orienting the home and designing it to take advantage of natural sunlight and shade can reduce the need for artificial lighting and temperature control.
- Green Roofs and Walls: These can provide insulation, reduce heat island effect, and help manage stormwater, contributing to overall energy efficiency.
Water Conservation and Management
Water conservation and management are pivotal components of eco home design, ensuring the sustainable use of this precious resource. In eco homes, efficient water usage is achieved through a combination of innovative technologies and mindful practices.
One of the key strategies is the installation of low-flow fixtures, such as faucets, showerheads, and toilets, which significantly reduce water consumption without compromising performance. These fixtures are designed to deliver the necessary water flow for daily activities while minimising waste.
Rainwater harvesting systems are another essential feature of eco homes. These systems collect and store rainwater from roofs, which can then be used for irrigation, flushing toilets, and even laundry, depending on the level of filtration and treatment. This not only reduces the demand for potable water but also helps manage stormwater runoff, mitigating the impact on local waterways. Additionally, greywater recycling systems can be implemented to reuse water from showers, sinks, and laundry for non-potable purposes, further enhancing the home's water efficiency.
By integrating these water conservation and management practices, eco homes can significantly reduce their water footprint, contributing to a more sustainable and resilient water future.
| Feature | Benefits | Estimated Water Savings |
|---|---|---|
| Low-Flow Showerheads | Reduces water usage without compromising pressure | 40-60% |
| Dual Flush Toilets | Offers a choice between a full or reduced flush | 25-30% |
| Rainwater Harvesting System | Collects rainwater for irrigation and non-potable uses | Up to 50% |
| Greywater Recycling System | Reuses water from showers and sinks for irrigation | 30-50% |
*Estimated water savings are approximate and can vary based on usage and local conditions.
Examples of residential rainwater harvesting systems available for eco home builds in NZ:
- Slimline Rainwater Tanks: These tanks are popular in urban areas where space is limited. They have a sleek, modern design that can be easily integrated into the architecture of an eco home. Brands like Devan Plastics and Bailey Tanks offer a range of slimline tanks with capacities from 1,000 to 5,000 liters, suitable for garden irrigation, toilet flushing, and laundry use.
- Underground Rainwater Tanks: For homeowners who prefer not to have visible water storage, underground tanks are an excellent option. Companies like RX Plastics and Viking Plastics offer underground rainwater harvesting systems that can be installed beneath lawns or driveways, providing a hidden solution with capacities ranging from 1,500 to 30,000 liters. These systems can be equipped with pumps and filtration units to provide water for various household uses.
Both types of systems can be fitted with first flush diverters, leaf guards, and fine filters to ensure the collected rainwater is clean and suitable for its intended use. It's important for homeowners to work with experienced suppliers and installers to design a rainwater harvesting system that meets their specific needs and complies with local regulations.
Sustainable Building Materials
The choice of building materials plays a crucial role in the sustainability of an eco home. Sustainable building materials are those that have a low environmental impact, are durable, and can be recycled or sourced from renewable resources.
One of the key considerations is the embodied energy of materials, which refers to the total energy required to produce, transport, and install them. Eco homes often prioritize materials with low embodied energy, such as locally sourced timber, bamboo, and recycled steel.
Another important aspect is the durability and lifespan of materials. Choosing materials that are long-lasting and require minimal maintenance reduces the need for replacements and repairs, further decreasing the home's environmental footprint. For example, using high-quality, sustainably harvested wood for framing and cladding not only provides excellent insulation but also contributes to carbon sequestration.
Additionally, eco homes often incorporate materials with natural, non-toxic finishes to ensure a healthy indoor environment. Low-VOC (volatile organic compounds) paints, natural wool insulation, and linoleum flooring made from renewable materials like linseed oil and cork are popular choices. These materials contribute to better indoor air quality and reduce the home's impact on human health and the environment. By carefully selecting sustainable building materials, eco homes can achieve a balance between eco-friendliness, functionality, and aesthetic appeal.
Indoor Environmental Quality
Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) is a critical aspect of eco home design, especially in New Zealand where the climate varies significantly across regions. Achieving high IEQ involves creating a healthy, comfortable, and sustainable indoor environment through the use of non-toxic materials, effective ventilation, and natural lighting.
One key factor in maintaining good IEQ is the selection of low-emission materials for interior finishes, such as paints, flooring, and cabinetry. In New Zealand, eco-friendly options like water-based paints, natural wool carpets, and sustainably sourced timber products are widely available. These materials emit fewer volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other pollutants, contributing to better air quality and reducing the risk of health issues associated with indoor air pollution.
Ventilation is another crucial element in ensuring high IEQ. Proper ventilation systems, such as heat recovery ventilators (HRVs) or energy recovery ventilators (ERVs), are particularly important in New Zealand's colder regions to prevent moisture buildup and mold growth.
These systems provide a continuous supply of fresh, filtered air while retaining heat, ensuring a comfortable and healthy indoor environment. Additionally, incorporating large windows and skylights can enhance natural lighting and ventilation, further improving IEQ and reducing the need for artificial lighting during the day.
Landscaping and Biodiversity
Landscaping and biodiversity are integral components of an eco home, contributing not only to the aesthetic appeal of the property but also to its ecological sustainability. In New Zealand, where the natural environment is a defining feature of the landscape, eco-friendly landscaping practices can enhance local ecosystems while providing functional benefits for homeowners.
Incorporating native plants into the garden is a key strategy for promoting biodiversity and supporting local wildlife. Native species are well-adapted to New Zealand's climate and soil conditions, requiring less water and maintenance than exotic plants. They also provide habitat and food sources for native birds, insects, and other wildlife, contributing to the overall health of the ecosystem. Additionally, the use of native plants in landscaping helps preserve the unique botanical heritage of New Zealand.
Permaculture principles are also gaining popularity in eco home landscaping, emphasizing the creation of sustainable and self-sufficient ecosystems. By designing gardens that mimic natural systems, homeowners can produce their own food, reduce waste, and conserve resources.
Elements such as vegetable gardens, fruit trees, composting systems, and rainwater harvesting can be integrated into the landscape, providing practical benefits while enhancing the property's ecological value. Through thoughtful landscaping and a focus on biodiversity, eco homes in New Zealand can achieve a harmonious balance with the natural environment.
Waste Reduction and Recycling
Waste reduction and recycling are essential components of sustainable living and are integral to the eco home concept. By minimising waste generation and maximizing the reuse and recycling of materials, homeowners can significantly reduce their environmental footprint. In New Zealand, where waste management is a growing concern, eco homes are leading the way in implementing innovative solutions to reduce waste.
One effective strategy is to incorporate composting systems into the home design. Composting organic waste, such as food scraps and garden clippings, not only reduces the amount of waste sent to landfills but also produces valuable compost that can be used to enrich the soil in the garden. Worm farms are another popular option for small-scale composting, especially in urban areas with limited space.
Recycling is another key aspect of waste reduction in eco homes. By providing designated recycling bins and educating occupants about proper recycling practices, homeowners can ensure that materials such as paper, glass, plastics, and metals are diverted from landfills and reprocessed into new products.
In addition, eco homes often feature materials with high recycled content in their construction, further contributing to the circular economy. By prioritizing waste reduction and recycling, eco homes in New Zealand can play a crucial role in promoting a more sustainable and environmentally responsible lifestyle.
Smart Home Technology and Automation
Smart home technology and automation are becoming increasingly popular in eco homes, offering a range of benefits from enhanced energy efficiency to improved convenience and comfort. In New Zealand, where technological innovation is embraced, these systems are being integrated into eco homes to optimize resource use and reduce environmental impact.
One of the key advantages of smart home technology is its ability to monitor and control energy consumption. Smart thermostats, for example, can learn a household's heating and cooling patterns and adjust temperatures accordingly, reducing unnecessary energy use. Similarly, automated lighting systems can be programmed to dim or turn off lights when rooms are unoccupied, further conserving electricity. These technologies not only contribute to a home's sustainability but also lead to significant cost savings over time.
In addition to energy management, smart home systems can also enhance water efficiency. Automated irrigation systems can be programmed to water gardens at optimal times, reducing water waste and ensuring that plants receive the right amount of moisture. Leak detection sensors can alert homeowners to water leaks, preventing water loss and potential damage. By integrating smart home technology and automation into eco homes, New Zealanders can create more efficient, comfortable, and sustainable living environments.
Popular Smart Home Devices for Eco Homes
- Nest Learning Thermostat: An intelligent thermostat that learns your schedule and adjusts temperatures accordingly for energy efficiency. View on Amazon
- Philips Hue Smart Bulbs: Energy-efficient LED bulbs that can be controlled remotely and programmed for automation. View on Amazon
- Ecobee SmartThermostat with Voice Control: A smart thermostat with voice control capabilities, offering energy savings and convenience. View on Amazon
- Ring Video Doorbell: A smart doorbell that enhances home security and allows you to monitor your front door remotely. View on Amazon
- TP-Link Kasa Smart Wi-Fi Plug: A smart plug that allows you to control and schedule your appliances remotely, reducing energy waste. View on Amazon
- Samsung SmartThings Hub: A central hub that connects and controls various smart devices in your home for seamless automation. View on Amazon
- August Smart Lock Pro: A smart lock that provides keyless entry and remote access, enhancing security and convenience. View on Amazon
Certification and Compliance
In New Zealand, certification and compliance play crucial roles in ensuring that eco homes meet established standards for sustainability and energy efficiency. These certifications not only provide homeowners with a sense of assurance but also add value to the property and contribute to the broader goal of reducing the country's environmental impact.
One of the key certifications for eco homes in New Zealand is the Homestar rating system, developed by the New Zealand Green Building Council. Homestar assesses homes on a range of criteria, including energy, water, and waste efficiency, as well as health and comfort. Homes are rated on a scale from 6 to 10 stars, with 10 representing world-leading sustainability. Achieving a high Homestar rating not only signifies a commitment to eco-friendly living but also offers tangible benefits, such as lower utility bills and a healthier indoor environment.
In addition to Homestar, there are other certifications and standards that eco homes in New Zealand may adhere to, such as Passive House, which focuses on ultra-low energy buildings, and the New Zealand Building Code, which sets minimum standards for health, safety, and sustainability. Compliance with these standards ensures that eco homes are not only environmentally responsible but also safe and durable. By prioritizing certification and compliance, eco homes in New Zealand can set a benchmark for sustainable living and inspire others to follow suit.
By embracing the essential elements of an eco home outlined in this guide, you can create a living space that not only provides comfort and style but also contributes positively to the environment and your well-being.
With a commitment to sustainability, energy efficiency, and smart design, your eco home in New Zealand will be a testament to the harmonious integration of modern living and environmental responsibility, setting a standard for future generations to follow.